How to control cutting heat and cutting force in milling composite machining?
Publish Time: 2025-03-04
Milling composite machining technology, with its high efficiency and flexibility, plays a pivotal role in modern manufacturing. However, while this process brings many advantages, it is also accompanied by two major challenges: cutting heat and cutting force. Effective control of these two factors is crucial to ensuring machining accuracy, extending tool life, and improving overall machining efficiency.Cutting heat is an inevitable physical phenomenon in the metal cutting process, mainly caused by friction and plastic deformation between the tool and the workpiece. Excessive cutting temperature will not only cause thermal deformation of the workpiece, but may also accelerate tool wear and affect the thermal stability of the machine tool. In order to effectively control cutting heat, the key lies in optimizing cutting parameters, using efficient coolants, and selecting appropriate tool materials.Optimization of cutting parameters is the basis. Reasonable adjustment of cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth can effectively reduce the heat generated during cutting while ensuring machining efficiency. The cutting speed should not be too high to avoid a sharp increase in friction heat; the selection of feed rate and cutting depth needs to be considered comprehensively based on the workpiece material and tool performance, and strive to find the best balance between cutting efficiency and heat control.The use of efficient coolant is also indispensable. Coolant can not only quickly remove the heat generated in the cutting area and reduce the cutting temperature, but also play a lubricating role and reduce the friction between the tool and the workpiece. Therefore, configuring an efficient coolant system and ensuring that the coolant can evenly and fully cover the cutting area is a key link in controlling cutting heat.In addition, the selection of tool materials is also crucial. High thermal conductivity materials such as cemented carbide and ceramics can quickly dissipate heat and reduce heat accumulation, making them ideal for controlling cutting heat. At the same time, sharp tool edges and reasonable geometric shape design can also help reduce cutting resistance and thus reduce cutting heat.As for the control of cutting force, it depends more on the optimization of tools, the enhancement of machine tool rigidity and the application of adaptive control technology. Choosing appropriate tool materials and geometric parameters is the basis. Sharp tool edges and large rake angle design can significantly reduce cutting force. In addition, rationally planning the tool's motion trajectory to avoid sudden changes in cutting direction and overload can also help reduce fluctuations in cutting force.It is also important to enhance the rigidity of machine tools. Insufficient rigidity of machine tools, tool clamping systems and workpiece clamping systems will lead to additional cutting forces during cutting, affecting machining accuracy. Therefore, improving the rigidity of these systems and reducing the increase in cutting force caused by system deformation are effective ways to control cutting force.The application of adaptive control technology is a future trend. By using sensors to monitor the changes in cutting force during the cutting process in real time and using the control system to automatically adjust the machining parameters to adapt to the changing cutting conditions, precise control of cutting force can be achieved.In summary, the effective control of cutting heat and cutting force in milling composite machining requires comprehensive consideration of cutting parameter optimization, coolant use, tool material selection, machine tool rigidity enhancement, and the application of adaptive control technology. Only these measures work together to ensure the efficiency, precision, and stability of milling composite machining.
